WATER WOES IN KERALA

Kerala, a state renowned for its lush greenery and backwaters, faces a severe water crisis. The state’s
unique geography, coupled with increasing pollution and unsustainable practices, has led to a decline
in water quality and availability.

The Water Quality Conundrum
A significant portion of Kerala’s population relies on groundwater sources, particularly wells.
However, these sources are increasingly contaminated with harmful substances, including:
* Iron, Fluoride, and Salinity: These minerals, when present in excess, can lead to various health
issues.
* Nitrate and Arsenic: These contaminants can cause serious health problems, especially in children.
* Faecal Coliform and E. coli: These bacteria indicate the presence of fecal matter and can lead to
waterborne diseases.
* Heavy Metals: Industrial effluents and other pollutants contribute to heavy metal contamination,
posing risks to human health and ecosystems.

The Root Causes
Several factors contribute to Kerala’s water woes:
* Unscientific Waste Disposal: Improper disposal of domestic and industrial waste pollutes water
bodies.
* Deforestation and Land Use Changes: These practices disrupt natural water cycles and increase soil
erosion.
* Agricultural Runoff: Fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture contaminate water sources.
* Climate Change: Changing rainfall patterns and extreme weather events exacerbate water scarcity
and quality issues.

Water contamination in Kerala can lead to a variety of health issues,
including:

* Waterborne diseases: These are illnesses caused by germs that enter the body through
contaminated water. Common waterborne diseases in Kerala include:
* Diarrheal diseases: These are the most common waterborne diseases in Kerala, and can cause
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and even death in severe cases.
* Typhoid fever: This is a bacterial infection that can cause fever, headache, muscle aches, loss of
appetite, nausea, constipation, or diarrhea.
* Hepatitis A: This is a viral infection that can cause liver inflammation, jaundice, fatigue, and
abdominal pain.
* Cholera: This is a bacterial infection that can cause severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration.
* Leptospirosis: This is a bacterial infection that can cause fever, headache, muscle aches, vomiting,
diarrhea, and kidneyfailure.
* Other health problems: In addition to waterborne diseases, water contamination can also
lead to other health problems, such as:
* Skin infections: Contaminated water can cause skin infections, such as rashes, boils, and
fungal infections.
* Respiratory infections: Breathing in contaminated water droplets can cause respiratory
infections, such as pneumonia.
* Cancer: Exposure to certain chemicals in contaminated water can increase the risk of
cancer.
The severity of the health problems caused by water contamination depends on the type and
level of contamination, as well as the individual’s health status. However, even mild water
contamination can cause serious health problems, especially for children, the elderly, and
people with weakened immune systems.
It is important to take steps to protect yourself from water contamination,
such as:
* Boiling water: Boiling water for one minute can kill most germs.
* Using a water filter: A water filter can remove contaminants from water.
* Washing your hands: Washing your hands with soap and water after using the toilet,
changing diapers, and before eating can help prevent the spread of germs.
* Avoiding contact with contaminated water: Do not drink, cook, or bathe in contaminated
water

The Way Forward
To address these challenges, Kerala needs a comprehensive approach:
* Improved Water Treatment: Investing in modern water treatment plants can ensure the
supply of clean and safe drinking water.
* Sustainable Water Management: Implementing sustainable water management practices,
such as rainwater harvesting and efficient irrigation techniques, can help conserve water.
* Strict Environmental Regulations: Enforcing stringent environmental regulations can curb
pollution and protect water bodies.
* Public Awareness: Raising awareness about water conservation and pollution prevention
can empower communities to take action.
* Scientific Research: Continued research on water quality and availability can inform
effective policy decisions.
By taking proactive measures and addressing the root causes, Kerala can safeguard its water
resources and ensure a sustainable future for its people